Computers we use today are not necessarily just show up but through a long process of evolution. Happenings emergence of the computer may be viewed in flashback history since the use of Abacus - found in Babylon (Iraq) about 5000 years ago - as a means of manual calculation of the first, both in the scope of the school and among traders, at the time.
At a later period has been widely found in the means of calculating the mechanical kind that is Pascaline invented by Blaine Pascal in 1642, arithometer by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar in 1820, Babbage's Folly by Charles Babbage in 1822, and Hollerith by Herman Hollerith in the year 1889.
All are still a machine entirely without electricity. The size and complexity of its structure based on calculations performed the operation level. It was only in 1940, began a new era since the invention of electrical computer electrically computers that implement Boolean algebra.
The development of computer technology which is described below in the top four generations based on the components it uses, ranging from the size of "big" to micro-line also with the complexity of its components.
First Generation
Today is the era giant computers, such as Z3, Colossus, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I. Characteristics of computers in this era marked by the size almost as big as the bedroom, using a vacuum tube with a number of very much to store and process the orders or instructions, consuming thousands of watts of electric power, using machine language and can only be used by a person trained.
So, the layman would not be able to use it so that computers of this type has not been commercialized to the general public. Only large corporations, educational institutions and government agencies that use it.
Second Generation
This era began with the use of transistors and diodes as a replacement of vacuum tube that sizenya smaller than its predecessor generation.
Another invention is the use of magnetic core memory that hold data, so much faster in data processing, and machine language has been replaced with assembly language (Fortran and Cobol) that facilitate the operation. Some examples of the computer at this time, the Stretch, LARC, DEC PDP-8, IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094.
Third Generation
A new era of computer communication set foot on the momentum from this. Most large companies implement on-line system using a remote terminal in the use of computers (read: on-line).
This technology must be supported by an increasingly computer performance in terms of both hardware and software usage. New discoveries in the field of hardware acted with the emergence of IC (Integrated Circuit) in computer components.
Because of its advantages in uniting the various components in a single chip so that the computer at the time computers became ever smaller size without degrading the performance of the output, and even further improve its performance.
In the software, programming techniques plural (Multi-Programming) began to be developed so that more and add a collection of various existing programming languages. Cray-1, 90/30 UNIVAC and IBM 360 is a few examples of computers in this generation.
Fourth Generation
Along with the speed of time development of the computer as a tool of data processing has increased rapidly, especially in this generation. The growing speed is inversely proportional to the smaller size, supported by a larger memory capacity. The price is getting cheaper due to its components have been manufactured and sold in mass.
In this period various IC united into a single unit forming a component called the VLSI (Very Large Scale IC). Use of the software more easily and develop into effect on home computers, such as word processing and spreadsheet. Internet network was more extensive that previously only enjoyed by the elite groups now can be used also by ordinary people.
The use of microprocessor is now an absolute no longer used only on computers but has been applied to other electronic products, such as televisions and microwaves. Seeing the development of the computer world a very high rate of growth starting from the beginning to the present generation can we predict how the characteristics of the computer on future generations.
Possibly, the computer will not have to continue to be dictated by the man but he had to do everything yourself. Virtually ability already resembles human intelligence. Such capabilities (Artificial Intelligence or Artificial Intelligence) is now actively investigated by the developed countries like Japan and the United States.
Author
Azhar H. Bakrit
At a later period has been widely found in the means of calculating the mechanical kind that is Pascaline invented by Blaine Pascal in 1642, arithometer by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar in 1820, Babbage's Folly by Charles Babbage in 1822, and Hollerith by Herman Hollerith in the year 1889.
All are still a machine entirely without electricity. The size and complexity of its structure based on calculations performed the operation level. It was only in 1940, began a new era since the invention of electrical computer electrically computers that implement Boolean algebra.
The development of computer technology which is described below in the top four generations based on the components it uses, ranging from the size of "big" to micro-line also with the complexity of its components.
First Generation
Today is the era giant computers, such as Z3, Colossus, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I. Characteristics of computers in this era marked by the size almost as big as the bedroom, using a vacuum tube with a number of very much to store and process the orders or instructions, consuming thousands of watts of electric power, using machine language and can only be used by a person trained.
So, the layman would not be able to use it so that computers of this type has not been commercialized to the general public. Only large corporations, educational institutions and government agencies that use it.
Second Generation
This era began with the use of transistors and diodes as a replacement of vacuum tube that sizenya smaller than its predecessor generation.
Another invention is the use of magnetic core memory that hold data, so much faster in data processing, and machine language has been replaced with assembly language (Fortran and Cobol) that facilitate the operation. Some examples of the computer at this time, the Stretch, LARC, DEC PDP-8, IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094.
Third Generation
A new era of computer communication set foot on the momentum from this. Most large companies implement on-line system using a remote terminal in the use of computers (read: on-line).
This technology must be supported by an increasingly computer performance in terms of both hardware and software usage. New discoveries in the field of hardware acted with the emergence of IC (Integrated Circuit) in computer components.
Because of its advantages in uniting the various components in a single chip so that the computer at the time computers became ever smaller size without degrading the performance of the output, and even further improve its performance.
In the software, programming techniques plural (Multi-Programming) began to be developed so that more and add a collection of various existing programming languages. Cray-1, 90/30 UNIVAC and IBM 360 is a few examples of computers in this generation.
Fourth Generation
Along with the speed of time development of the computer as a tool of data processing has increased rapidly, especially in this generation. The growing speed is inversely proportional to the smaller size, supported by a larger memory capacity. The price is getting cheaper due to its components have been manufactured and sold in mass.
In this period various IC united into a single unit forming a component called the VLSI (Very Large Scale IC). Use of the software more easily and develop into effect on home computers, such as word processing and spreadsheet. Internet network was more extensive that previously only enjoyed by the elite groups now can be used also by ordinary people.
The use of microprocessor is now an absolute no longer used only on computers but has been applied to other electronic products, such as televisions and microwaves. Seeing the development of the computer world a very high rate of growth starting from the beginning to the present generation can we predict how the characteristics of the computer on future generations.
Possibly, the computer will not have to continue to be dictated by the man but he had to do everything yourself. Virtually ability already resembles human intelligence. Such capabilities (Artificial Intelligence or Artificial Intelligence) is now actively investigated by the developed countries like Japan and the United States.
Author
Azhar H. Bakrit
History of Computers
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