ethics you examine the genomes of various species, you must have thought that a simple organism has a genome that is smaller than the more complex organisms.
Because, you assume that the simpler organisms require less genes than the more complex organisms. This assumption is true, but estimates that the simpler organisms have smaller genomes does not fit the facts.
Take for instance the comparison between humans and amoeba. Humans certainly have more genes than the amoeba, because humans are multicellular organisms that is far more complex than amoeba. It is true, but whether humans also have larger genomes than the amoeba? No.
In fact, humans have 3.3 billion base pairs in the genome, whereas had 200 billion amoeba genome in the genome, which is almost 70 times more than humans! So why the genomes of organisms that are much simpler to have the genome of such magnitude?
Similarly, another example, namely Bony fish and japanese puffer fish, two fish species are species that still have close kinship. Japanese puffer fish has 0.5 billion base pairs in its genome while Bony fish has 300 billion base pairs in its genome, 600 times more than the japanese puffer fish! Why does this happen? What good is excess DNA in the genome of these organisms?
This phenomenon is referred to as the C-Value Paradox, where C refers to the quantity of DNA in the genome of the organism. Excess DNA is not reflecting komplektisitas genetic component, but only in the form of DNA that has no function or encode a functional product in the organism in question.
Most of the DNA is a repetitive segment which consists of transposons and retrotransposons. Transposons or transposable elements also called a segment of DNA that can menginsersikan himself anywhere in the genome either by copying itself through replicative transposition or catalyze the transfer of segments of itself through the mechanism of conservative transposition.
The second mechanism is done by using a transposon transposase enzyme that dikodenya and without going through a phase of RNA. While retrotransposon or retrotransposable elements make the shift or insertion through a phase of RNA.
So in addition to the transcript coding for a reverse trankriptase himself, he also serves as a template to form cDNA and then inserted at certain places in the genome.
In humans, there are two types of retrotransposon, namely Sines (Short interspersed Nuclear Elements) and Lines (Long interspersed Nuclear Elements). LINES 1-6 kbp in length while Sines length: 100 bp-1 kbp. Lines, Sines and other transposons arrange 45% of the total genome of us!
Twenty percent of the total genome is LINES and 13% of the total genome is Sines. One type is called a brother "LINES L1 segments contained in the introns 79% of human genes. These DNA segments are often referred to as junk DNA. Because he did not have any function other than "wishes" to copy itself as much as possible in order to keep survive.
So, the big difference did not reflect the genome of each organism komplektisitas genetic differences, but rather to differences in the ability of each organism to remove or suppress tranposisi of berbagaimacam above junk DNA and other repetitive DNA segments. Or it may be that this repetitive DNA segment actually has a specific function in the genome that could not be detected at this time.
Because, you assume that the simpler organisms require less genes than the more complex organisms. This assumption is true, but estimates that the simpler organisms have smaller genomes does not fit the facts.
Take for instance the comparison between humans and amoeba. Humans certainly have more genes than the amoeba, because humans are multicellular organisms that is far more complex than amoeba. It is true, but whether humans also have larger genomes than the amoeba? No.
In fact, humans have 3.3 billion base pairs in the genome, whereas had 200 billion amoeba genome in the genome, which is almost 70 times more than humans! So why the genomes of organisms that are much simpler to have the genome of such magnitude?
Similarly, another example, namely Bony fish and japanese puffer fish, two fish species are species that still have close kinship. Japanese puffer fish has 0.5 billion base pairs in its genome while Bony fish has 300 billion base pairs in its genome, 600 times more than the japanese puffer fish! Why does this happen? What good is excess DNA in the genome of these organisms?
This phenomenon is referred to as the C-Value Paradox, where C refers to the quantity of DNA in the genome of the organism. Excess DNA is not reflecting komplektisitas genetic component, but only in the form of DNA that has no function or encode a functional product in the organism in question.
Most of the DNA is a repetitive segment which consists of transposons and retrotransposons. Transposons or transposable elements also called a segment of DNA that can menginsersikan himself anywhere in the genome either by copying itself through replicative transposition or catalyze the transfer of segments of itself through the mechanism of conservative transposition.
The second mechanism is done by using a transposon transposase enzyme that dikodenya and without going through a phase of RNA. While retrotransposon or retrotransposable elements make the shift or insertion through a phase of RNA.
So in addition to the transcript coding for a reverse trankriptase himself, he also serves as a template to form cDNA and then inserted at certain places in the genome.
In humans, there are two types of retrotransposon, namely Sines (Short interspersed Nuclear Elements) and Lines (Long interspersed Nuclear Elements). LINES 1-6 kbp in length while Sines length: 100 bp-1 kbp. Lines, Sines and other transposons arrange 45% of the total genome of us!
Twenty percent of the total genome is LINES and 13% of the total genome is Sines. One type is called a brother "LINES L1 segments contained in the introns 79% of human genes. These DNA segments are often referred to as junk DNA. Because he did not have any function other than "wishes" to copy itself as much as possible in order to keep survive.
So, the big difference did not reflect the genome of each organism komplektisitas genetic differences, but rather to differences in the ability of each organism to remove or suppress tranposisi of berbagaimacam above junk DNA and other repetitive DNA segments. Or it may be that this repetitive DNA segment actually has a specific function in the genome that could not be detected at this time.
The C-Value Paradox
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